Non-porous graft with fastening elements

ABSTRACT

A graft is provided that is adapted to be secured to a stent surrounding the graft. The graft includes an inner layer of a non-porous material, and an outer layer of material laminated to the inner layer. The graft further includes a plurality of fastening elements adapted to be secured to a stent surrounding the graft. An underside of each fastening element is fixed between the inner layer and the outer layer.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a graft for use with a stent in bodylumens. More specifically, the present invention relates to a graftadapted to be secured to a stent surrounding the graft.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A graft is typically used in conjunction with a stent to provide aprosthetic intraluminal wall, e.g., in the case of a stenosis oraneurysm, to provide an unobstructed conduit for blood in the area ofthe stenosis or aneurysm. A stent-graft may be endoluminally deployed ina body lumen, a blood vessel for example, at the site of a stenosis oraneurysm by so-called “minimally invasive techniques” in which thestent-graft is compressed radially inwards and is delivered by acatheter to the site where it is required, through the patient's skin,or by a “cut down” technique at a location where the blood vesselconcerned is accessible. When the stent-graft is positioned at thecorrect location, the stent-graft is caused or allowed to re-expand isto a predetermined diameter in the vessel.

Some early stent-grafts were manufactured by bonding the graft materialto the stent frame with an adhesive, e.g., Corethane®. However, such anadhesive alone may not be sufficient to secure the graft to the stentduring loading, as the graft material may peel away (i.e., separate)from the stent. Suture ties may also be utilized to fix the graft to thestent. However, suture attachment of the graft to the stent may createholes throughout the graft resulting in porosity which may beundesirable. For these and other reasons, improvements in securing agraft to a stent may have significant utility as compared to priorstent-graft combinations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to one aspect of this invention, a graft is adapted to besecured to a stent surrounding the graft in a novel way. The graft,typically tubular, includes an inner layer of a non-porous material, andan outer layer typically of knitted, woven, or braided materiallaminated to the inner layer. The graft further includes a plurality offastening elements adapted to be secured to a stent surrounding thegraft. An underside of each fastening element is fixed between the innerlayer and the outer layer of the graft.

According to another aspect of this invention, a method of making anon-porous graft, and a stent-graft using that graft, is provided. Aplurality of fastening elements are secured to an outer layer typicallyof knitted, woven, or braided material along a length of the outerlayer, wherein the fastening elements extend outwardly from the outerlayer. An inner layer of non-porous material is placed within the outerlayer such that an underside of each fastening element is positionedbetween the inner layer and the outer layer. The outer layer islaminated to the inner layer to form the non-porous graft, which is thenplaced within a surrounding graft. The fastening elements are thensecured to the stent.

The fastening elements may comprise loops which extend through openingsin the stent and are adapted to secure the graft to the stent by amating element, such as a linear element (or suture) which passesthrough each of these loops and secures them, optionally with a knot, toa structural part of the stent.

The resultant stent-graft may be used to provide a fluid passage througha body lumen. It may also be adapted for endoluminal placement.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a tubular graft including a plurality offastening elements in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2A is a plan view of a non-porous tubular stent-graft including aplurality of fastening elements secured to a stent by a plurality oflooped locking elements in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2B is a detail view of a fastening element secured to an element ofthe stent by a looped locking element illustrated in FIG. 2A;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a non-porous tubular stent-graft including aplurality of fastening elements secured to a stent by a linear lockingelement in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the non-porous tubular graft of FIG.1, illustrating an outer layer laminated to an inner layer and afastening element fixed between the layers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Although the invention is illustrated and described herein withreference to specific embodiments, the invention is not intended to belimited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be madein the details within the scope and range of equivalents of the claimswithout departing from the invention.

Referring specifically to FIGS. 1-4, there is shown a tubular graft 10(best seen in FIG. 1) adapted to be secured to a stent 12 surroundinggraft 10 in different ways (as illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 3). Stent 12includes a plurality of structural members, four of which are identifiedin FIG. 2B as 12A, B, C, and D. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional expandedview of graft 10 illustrating an inner layer 14 of a non-porousmaterial, and an outer layer 16 of knitted, woven, or braided materiallaminated to inner layer 14. Graft 10 further includes a plurality offastening elements 18 (only one of which is seen in FIG. 4) adapted tobe secured on an outer surface 20 of stent 12 surrounding graft 10. Anunderside 22 of each fastening element 18 is fixed between inner layer14 and outer layer 16. A plurality of fastening elements 18 may bedistributed lengthwise along the length of graft 10, as shown in FIGS.1, 2A, and 3, and/or circumferentially about graft 10 (not shown).

Fastening elements 18 extend outwardly from outer layer 16, asillustrated in FIG. 4. Non-porous inner layer 14 reduces or minimizesthe porosity of graft 10, thus compensating for any such porosity inouter layer 16. Fastening elements 18 are retained between outer layer16, which is laminated to inner layer 14, sealing underside 22 of eachfastening element 18 between outer layer 16 and inner layer 14. Thefinished assembly remains non-porous, resulting in a non-porous graft10.

Referring to FIG. 2A, the exemplary configuration illustrates graft 10attached to an inside surface of stent 12 with fastening elements 18projecting through stent 12 and a plurality of looped locking elements24, shown in greater detail in FIG. 2B, securing fastening elements 18to stent 12, thereby securing graft 10 to stent 12. In this embodiment,each locking element 24 is knotted around both a fastening element 18and an element or structural component of stent 12 to attach graft 10 tostent 12. FIG. 2B is a detail view of a fastening element 18 secured toan element 12A of stent 12 by a looped locking element 24.Alternatively, a particular fastening element 18 may be secured to anyone or more of elements 12B, 12C, or 12D of stent 12 by looped lockingelement 24.

As shown in FIG. 2B, fastening elements 18 may comprise D-shaped loops,the flat side of which is trapped between inner layer 14 and outer layer16, with the remainder of the loop projecting outwardly through outerlayer 16.

Similar to FIG. 2A, the exemplary configuration represented in FIG. 3illustrates graft 10 attached to an inside surface of stent 12 withfastening elements 18 projecting through stent 12. However, instead ofutilizing looped locking elements 24 as a means for securing fasteningelements 18 to stent 12, a linear locking element 26 may be loopedthrough each fastening element 18 and secured to the stent 12independently of its connection to the fastening elements 18. Morespecifically, a linear locking element 26 may be threaded and loopedthrough each fastening element 18 while remaining along an outsidesurface of stent 12. The end points of linear locking element 26 aresecured to stent 12, thereby attaching graft 10 to stent 12.

Alternatively, a linear locking element 26 may be threaded through (notlooped through) fastening elements 18 and secured to stent 12 at atleast two points along a length of stent 12 (not shown). In other words,a linear locking element 26 may be threaded through fastening elements18 while remaining along an outside surface of stent 12, with each endof linear locking element 26 knotted around an element 12A, 12B, 12C, or12D of stent 12 to attach graft 10 to stent 12.

The shape of the fastening elements 18 is not limited to a D-shapedring, as illustrated in FIG. 4. Alternatively, fastening elements 18 maybe round, square, triangular, or any other shape suitable for engagementwith locking elements by which the graft 10, through its fasteningelements 18, is secured to a stent 12 which surrounds it.

A further embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality offastening elements, which are an integral part of outer layer 16,extending outwardly from outer layer 16 disposed along the length and/orcircumference of outer layer 16 of tubular graft 10. In other words,each fastening element is not a distinct component from outer layer 16as illustrated in FIG. 4. Instead, the fastening elements are part ofthe material of outer layer 16, i.e., loosely knitted, woven, or braidedstrands of material that form loops to act as fastening elements. Atleast some of the fastening elements are adapted to be secured on outersurface 20 of stent 12 surrounding graft 10. The configurations of thisembodiment with respect to means for securing the fastening elements tostent 12 (i.e., looped locking elements 24 or a linear locking element26) are essentially the same as those of the embodiment of graft 10comprising fastening elements 18 described previously herein withreference to FIGS. 1-3.

An exemplary material for forming inner layer 14 of graft 10 is expandedpolytetrafluoroethylene. The present invention, however, is not limitedto polytetrafluoroethylene, and may include any material that offers thedesired non-porous property of inner layer 14. The material of outerlayer 16 may be a woven or knit polyester. The present invention,however, is not limited to polyester, and may include any knitted,woven, or braided material suitable for lamination to inner layer 14.Furthermore, the material of outer layer 16 is not limited to one thatis porous, and may include any non-porous material suitable forlamination to inner layer 14.

Fastening elements 18 and/or locking elements 26 may compriseconventional suture material. Other materials may be used as well,however, and may comprise, for example, wire or plastic. One or both ofthe fastening element material and the locking element material maycomprise, in whole or in part, a radiographically differentiablematerial.

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown anddescribed herein, it will be understood that such embodiments areprovided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes andsubstitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departingfrom the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that theappended claims cover all such variations as fall within the spirit andscope of the invention.

1. A non-porous stent-graft comprising: a graft comprising: an innerlayer of a non-porous material; an outer layer of material laminated tosaid inner layer; and a fastening element adapted to be secured to saidstent, wherein said fastening element is fixed between said inner layerand said outer layer, and wherein said fastening element comprises aclosed loop penetrating through said outer layer in no more than twolocations; a stent disposed around an exterior portion of the graft; anda locking element coupled to the stent and to the fastening element ofthe graft, wherein the locking element does not pass through the graft.2. The stent-graft as recited in claim 1 comprising a plurality of saidfastening elements distributed lengthwise and/or circumferentially onsaid graft.
 3. The stent-graft as recited in claim 1, wherein saidfastening elements comprise D-shaped rings.
 4. The stent-graft asrecited in claim 1, wherein the material of said inner layer is expandedpolytetrafluoroethylene.
 5. The stent-graft as recited in claim 1,wherein the material of said outer layer is polyester.
 6. Thestent-graft as recited in claim 1, wherein the material of said outerlayer is knitted, woven, or braided.
 7. The stent-graft as recited inclaim 1, wherein the material of said fastening elements is aradiographically differentiable material.
 8. A stent-graft comprising: astent disposed around an exterior portion of a graft said graftcomprising: an inner layer of a non-porous material; and an outer layerof knitted, woven, or braided material laminated to said inner layer,wherein said outer layer includes a plurality of fastening elementsextending outwardly from said outer layer along a length of said outerlayer of said tubular graft, wherein each of the plurality of fasteningelements comprises a closed loop penetrating through-said outer layer inno more than two locations, at least some of said fastening elementspositioned to extend between elements of the stent when said stent issurrounding said graft; and; a locking element coupled to the stent andto the fastening element of the graft, wherein the locking element doesnot pass through the graft.
 9. The stent-graft as recited in claim 8,wherein said fastening elements comprise D-shaped rings.
 10. Thestent-graft as recited in claim 8, wherein the material of said innerlayer is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
 11. The stent-graft asrecited in claim 8, wherein the material of said outer layer ispolyester.
 12. A stent-graft for defining a fluid passageway in a bodylumen, said stent-graft comprising: a stent; and a graft, said graftcomprising: an inner layer of a non-porous material; an outer layer ofknitted, woven, or braided material laminated to said inner layer; and aplurality of fastening elements, wherein at least a part of eachfastening element is fixed between said inner layer and said outerlayers and wherein each of the plurality of fastening elements comprisesa closed loop penetrating through said outer layer in no more than twolocations; said stent surrounding said graft and having a plurality ofstent elements, each of said plurality of fastening elements projectinginto a space defined between the stent elements and entirely within saidspace, said fastening elements being secured to said stent.
 13. Thestent-graft as recited in claim 12, wherein said fastening elementscomprise D-shaped rings.
 14. A stent-graft for defining a fluidpassageway in a body lumen, said stent-graft comprising: a stent; and agraft, said graft comprising; an inner layer of a non-porous material;an outer layer of knitted, woven, or braided material laminated to saidinner layer; and a plurality of fastening elements, wherein at least apart of each fastening element is fixed between said inner layer andsaid outer layers and wherein each of the plurality of fasteningelements comprises a closed loop penetrating through said outer layer inno more than two locations; said stent surrounding said graft andsecured thereto through said fastening elements , wherein said graft isattached to said stent with said fastening elements projecting throughsaid stent and a plurality of looped locking elements securing saidfastening elements to said stent.
 15. The stent-graft as recited inclaim 14, wherein the material of said looped locking elements is aradiographically differentiable material.
 16. A stent-graft for defininga fluid passageway in a body lumen, said stent-graft comprising: a stentcomprising stent elements; and a graft, said graft comprising; an innerlayer of a non-porous material; and an outer layer of knitted, woven, orbraided material laminated to said inner layer, wherein said outer layerincludes a plurality of fastening elements extending outwardly from saidouter layer along a length of said outer layer of said graft, at leastsome of said fastening elements adapted to be secured on an outersurface of the stent surrounding said graft, at least a part of eachsaid fastening element being disposed between said inner layer and saidouter layer and extending into a space between said stent elements,wherein each of the plurality of fastening elements comprises a closedloop penetrating through said outer layer in no more than two locations;and a locking element coupled to the stent and to at least one of thefastening elements of the graft.
 17. A stent-graft for defining a fluidpassageway in a body lumen, said stent-graft comprising: a stent; and agraft, said graft comprising; an inner layer of a non-porous material;and an outer layer of knitted, woven, or braided material laminated tosaid inner layer, wherein said outer layer includes a plurality offastening elements extending outwardly from said outer layer along alength of said outer layer of said graft, at least some of saidfastening elements adapted to be secured on an outer surface of thestent surrounding said graft, at least a part of each said fasteningelement being disposed between said inner layer and said outer layer,wherein each of the plurality of fastening elements comprises a closedloop penetrating through said outer layer in no more than two locations,wherein said graft is attached to said stent with said fasteningelements projecting through said stent and a plurality of looped lockingelements secured to said stent by knotted loops of suture material.